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1.
Arq. ciências saúde UNIPAR ; 26(3): 1149-1162, set-dez. 2022.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1414432

ABSTRACT

A depressão é uma doença grave que atinge a população em geral, estudos epidemiológicos estimam que a prevalência da depressão ao longo da vida no Brasil está em torno de 15,5%. Os fatores que desencadeiam o aparecimento da depressão incluem fatores sociais, psicológicos, biológicos e também fatores externos específicos como eventos estressantes, solidão, consumo de álcool e drogas, doenças crônicas e dar á luz (depressão pós-parto). O objetivo da presente pesquisa consistiu em realizar uma revisão bibliográfica sobre as principais plantas medicinais com ação antidepressiva. A ansiedade vem se tornando um dos principais problemas da atualidade, sendo intensificada pela pandemia causada pelo coronavírus, onde constatou-se que durante o pico da pandemia onde os casos confirmados de COVID-19 no Brasil ascenderam de 45.757 para 330.890, e as mortes, de 2.906 para 21.048, o sentimento de tristeza/depressão atingiu 40% dos adultos brasileiros. Os sintomas de depressão podem ser amenizados quando a disponibilidade sináptica de monoaminas são aumentadas, e esse aumento pode ocorrer através da diminuição da metabolização desses neurotransmissores. Neste sentido, busca-se através da farmacoterapia a utilização de antidepressivos que disponibilizem as monoaminas na fenda sináptica. A escolha do fármaco é feita com base nos sintomas da depressão e na boa resposta a uma determinada classe de antidepressivos. Em fevereiro de 2009 o Ministério da saúde lançou a Relação Nacional de Plantas Medicinais de Interesse ao SUS (RENISUS), contendo 71 espécies vegetais que são distribuídas de forma in natura nas unidades básicas de saúde (UBS). Destas, somente três espécies apresentam efeito antidepressivo e ansiolítico comprovados na literatura sendo Matricharia chamomilla, Erytrinum mulungu e a Passiflora incarnata que também fazem parte da RENISUS. Além destas, outras espécies como a Melissa officinalis, Lippia alba, Valeriana officinalis e Piper methysticum são utilizadas pela população para tratar ansiedade, insônia e depressão, sugerindo desta forma que estas espécies sejam incluídas na RENISUS.


Depression is a serious disease that affects the general population, epidemiological studies estimate that the prevalence of depression throughout life in Brazil is around 15.5%. The factors that trigger the onset of depression include social, psychological, biological and also specific external factors such as stressful events, loneliness, alcohol and drug consumption, chronic diseases and giving birth (postpartum depression). The objective of the present research was to carry out a literature review on the main medicinal plants with antidepressant action. Anxiety has become one of the main problems of today, being intensified by the pandemic caused by the coronavirus, where it was found that during the peak of the pandemic where confirmed cases of COVID-19 in Brazil rose from 45,757 to 330,890, and deaths, from 2,906 to 21,048, the feeling of sadness/depression reached 40% of Brazilian adults. Symptoms of depression can be alleviated when synaptic availability of monoamines is increased, and this increase can occur through decreased metabolization of these neurotransmitters. In this sense, the use of antidepressants that make monoamines available in the synaptic cleft is sought through pharmacotherapy. The choice of drug is based on symptoms of depression and good response to a particular class of antidepressants. In February 2009, the Ministry of Health launched the National List of Medicinal Plants of Interest to the SUS (RENISUS), containing 71 plant species that are distributed in natura form in basic health units (UBS). Of these, only three species have antidepressant and anxiolytic effects proven in the literature, being Matricharia chamomilla, Erytrinum mulungu and Passiflora incarnata, which are also part of RENISUS. In addition to these, other species such as Melissa officinalis, Lippia alba, Valeriana officinalis and Piper methysticum are used by the population to treat anxiety, insomnia and depression, thus suggesting that these species are included in RENISUS.


Los estudios epidemiológicos estiman que la prevalencia de la depresión a lo largo de la vida en Brasil es de alrededor del 15,5%. Los factores que desencadenan la aparición de la depresión son sociales, psicológicos, biológicos y también factores externos específicos, como los acontecimientos estresantes, la soledad, el consumo de alcohol y drogas, las enfermedades crónicas y el parto (depresión posparto). El objetivo de esta investigación fue realizar una revisión bibliográfica sobre las principales plantas medicinales con acción antidepresiva. La ansiedad se ha convertido en uno de los principales problemas de la actualidad, intensificándose por la pandemia causada por el coronavirus, donde se encontró que durante el pico de la pandemia donde los casos confirmados de COVID-19 en Brasil aumentaron de 45.757 a 330.890, y las muertes, de 2.906 a 21.048, el sentimiento de tristeza/depresión alcanzó el 40% de los adultos brasileños. Los síntomas de la depresión pueden aliviarse cuando se aumenta la disponibilidad sináptica de las monoaminas, y este aumento puede producirse mediante una disminución de la metabolización de estos neurotransmisores. En este sentido, se busca a través de la farmacoterapia el uso de antidepresivos que hagan disponibles las monoaminas en la hendidura sináptica. La elección del fármaco se hace en función de los síntomas de la depresión y de la buena respuesta a una clase concreta de antidepresivos. En febrero de 2009, el Ministerio de Salud lanzó la Lista Nacional de Plantas Medicinales de Interés para el SUS (RENISUS), que contiene 71 especies de plantas que se distribuyen in natura en unidades básicas de salud (UBS). De ellas, sólo tres especies tienen efectos antidepresivos y ansiolíticos probados en la literatura: Matricharia chamomilla, Erytrinum mulungu y Passiflora incarnata, que también forman parte del RENISUS. Además de éstas, otras especies como Melissa officinalis, Lippia alba, Valeriana officinalis y Piper methysticum son utilizadas por la población para tratar la ansiedad, el insomnio y la depresión, lo que sugiere que estas especies se incluyan en el RENISUS.


Subject(s)
Plants, Medicinal/drug effects , Unified Health System , Central Nervous System/drug effects , Anxiety/drug therapy , Anti-Anxiety Agents/therapeutic use , Valerian/drug effects , Pharmaceutical Preparations , Kava/drug effects , Passiflora/drug effects , Matricaria/drug effects , Melissa/drug effects , Lippia/drug effects , Depression/drug therapy , Drug Therapy , Emotions/drug effects , Erythrina/drug effects , Pandemics/prevention & control , Antidepressive Agents/therapeutic use
2.
Journal of Menopausal Medicine ; : 160-165, 2017.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-152581

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: In this systematic review, the effectiveness of herbal medicines in improving depression and anxiety in menopausal women was assessed. METHODS: Three following databases were individually searched: MEDLINE (1966-March 2017), SCOPUS (1990-March 2017), and the Cochrane Library (Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials; 2017). RESULTS: A total of 9 trials were included in this systematic review. Overall, soy was found to have a beneficial effect. Also, fennel had a significant positive effect on menopausal women with depression and anxiety disorder, but not on healthy women. Red clover showed varying effects ranging from significant to non-significant on depression and anxiety. Moreover, kava was found to have a significant beneficial effect on depression and anxiety at dose of 200 mg/days. CONCLUSIONS: Our study demonstrated that herbal medicines could improve anxiety and depression in among menopausal women. However, the beneficial effect still remains indefinite due to the poor methodology.


Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Anxiety Disorders , Anxiety , Depression , Foeniculum , Kava , Menopause , Phytoestrogens , Trifolium
3.
Braz. j. oral sci ; 14(1): 60-65, Jan-Mar/2015. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-745780

ABSTRACT

To evaluate in vivo the association of hypericum Hypericum perforatum, valerian Valeriana officinalis and kava Piper methysticum with analgesia by assessing their effects in reducing orofacial pain as well as the possible hepatic, hematologic and biochemical alterations induced by regular administration of these extracts. METHODS: Orofacial pain was induced in mice with the administration of 2.5% formalin in the upper lip. After 60 min, the animals were treated with saline, carbamazepine and hydroalcoholic plant extracts. The nociceptive intensity was determined by the timing at which the animal remained rubbing the injected area. To assess the hepatotoxic effect, mice were chronically treated for 25 days with saline, carbamazepine and hydroalcoholic extract. The animals were euthanized and the liver weighed, followed by a differential count of leukocytes and measurement of alanine transaminase and alkaline phosphatase. RESULTS: The evaluation of analgesic activity in phase 1 reduced the time of rubbing compared to the control by 86% 0.05 mL/10 g and 76% 0.10 mL/10 g. In phase 2, the extracts reduced rubbing time by 94% and 85%, respectively. In the evaluation of alkaline phosphatase, the groups treated with extracts at doses of 0.05 mL/10 g and 0.1 mL/10 g increased by 16.1% and 9.5% compared to the control group and a reduction of 8.5% and 9.1% in the evaluation of alanine transaminase respectively. It was demonstrated that in the differential counts showed an increase in eosinophils in the treated group with 0.05 mL/10 g. CONCLUSIONS: The use of hydroalcoholic extract of the associated plants reduced the orofacial formalin-induced pain with better results than carbamazepine, at both the neural conductor level of pain phase 1 and in inflammatory or later pain phase 2 without presenting hepatotoxicity. The observed eosinophilia is suggestive of a phenomenon called hormesis...


Subject(s)
Animals , Rats , Facial Pain , Hypericum/adverse effects , Kava/adverse effects , Temporomandibular Joint Disorders , Valerian/adverse effects , Analgesics/therapeutic use , Anesthetics/therapeutic use , Plant Extracts/therapeutic use , Phytotherapy , Plants, Medicinal , Plant Preparations/therapeutic use
4.
Rev. bras. plantas med ; 15(3): 347-351, 2013. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-684150

ABSTRACT

O extrato seco da raiz de Piper methysticum L. f. Forster (PIPERACEAE), a kava-kava, é usado no tratamento de diversos problemas envolvendo ansiedade como um dos sintomas. Por não causar dependência, sedação e ter ação ansiolítica, muitas pessoas têm recorrido a kava-kava para auxiliá-las no emagrecimento. Isto pode levar ao consumo indiscriminado da planta e acarretar riscos, pois todo medicamento fitoterápico deve respeitar limites de doses. Um risco na utilização de plantas medicinais é a toxicidade e, dentro deste, a mutagenicidade. Como a mutagenicidade está relacionada com a carcinogenicidade torna-se importante testar este potencial na kava-kava. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o potencial mutagênico do extrato seco da raiz de P. methysticum no sistema methG1 em Aspergillus nidulans. A linhagem utilizada foi a biA1methG1, auxotrófica para biotina e metionina. Conídios dormentes de colônias crescidas por cinco dias foram tratados com soluções da kava-kava nas concentrações de 0,35 mg mL-1 e 3,5 mg mL-1, e depois de 24h, semeados em meio seletivo contendo metionina, para análise dos sobreviventes, e sem metionina, para a análise dos mutantes. Os números de sobreviventes e mutantes dos tratamentos foram comparados aos do controle. Os resultados indicaram que o extrato da raiz da kava-kava é mutagênica, pois a freqüência de mutação dos tratamentos foi maior que da mutação espontânea, porém não ocorrendo diferença significativa entre as doses.


The dry root extract of Piper methysticum L. f. Forster (Piperaceae), kava-kava, is used as to treat several health problems involving anxiety symptoms. As it causes no addiction, it can be applied as a sedative and anxiolytic. Many people have been relying on kava-kava as an auxiliary treatment. This can lead to an indiscriminate plant consumption and lead to risks, because all phytotherapic medications must observe dosage limits. One risk in the folk medicinal plant use is toxicity, and within it, mutagenicity. As mutagenicity is closely related to carcinogenicity, it is important to test the kava-kava mutagenicity potential. Thus, the purpose of this work was to test the mutagenicity of the dry root extract of P. methysticum in the methG1 system of Aspergillus nidulans. The bia1methG1 lineage, which is auxotrophic for biotine and methione, was used. Conidia from five-day-old colonies were collected and treated with kava-kava solutions at 0.35 mg mL-1 and 3.5 mg mL-1 concentrations and, after 24h, they were planted in selective growth medium with and without methione, in order to analyze the survivors and mutants, respectively. The number of survivors and mutants analyzed under effect of the treatments was compared with the control. The results indicated that the kava-kava dry root extract is mutagenic, since the mutation frequency of the treatments was higher than spontaneous mutation, however, there were no differences between the doses tested.


Subject(s)
Kava/adverse effects , Mutagens/analysis , Aspergillus nidulans/isolation & purification , Plant Extracts , Plant Roots
5.
Rev. interdisciplin. estud. exp. anim. hum. (impr.) ; 1(4): 18-22, dezembro 2009. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-964382

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: No presente trabalho são avaliados parâmetros hematológicos e bioquímicos de ratas expostas ao extrato aquoso de Piper methysticum no período de implantação do blastocisto. Métodos: Quarenta ratas Wistar prenhes foram organizadas aleatoriamente nos grupos controle e tratado, que receberam respectivamente 1 ml de água destilada e 10 mg de extrato aquoso de kava / kg de peso corporal em 1 ml de água destilada. O tratamento foi feito por via intragástrica, duas vezes ao dia, nos dias 5, 6 e 7 pós - inseminação (1o dia=espermatozóide no esfregaço) e eutanasiadas, no 15o dia de prenhez, por exsanguinação total (punção cardíaca) sob anestesia. Resultados: houve leucopenia e aumento signifi cativo na dosagem de Transaminase Glutâmico Oxalacética (TGO) entre os animais do grupo tratado. Contudo, não foram observadas alterações histopatológicas no fígado. Conclusão: O extrato aquoso de kava-kava, administrado a ratas prenhes, parece não causar toxicidade hepática, embora tenha evidenciado leucopenia e aumento de TGO.


Aims: To evaluate biochemistry and hematological parameters in pregnant rats treated with aqueous extract of Piper methysticum. Methods: Forty pregnant rats were randomly distributed into two groups: Control that received 1ml of distilled water and treated with 10mg of aqueous extract of kava/kg/body weight, by gavage, twice a day, from day-6 to 7 post insemination (day 1 = spermatozoa visible in the vaginal smear). Euthanize was performed by exsanguinations via cardiac punction under anesthesia (ketamine plus xylazine) at 14 post insemination day. Results: Treated animal presents leucopenia and higher concentration of TGO. No histopathologic alteration was observed in the liver. Conclusion: Th e Piper methysticum aqueous extract seems do not cause hepatotoxicity, but cause leucopenia and increase the plasmatic level of TGO.


Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Pregnancy , Rats , Embryo Implantation , Biochemical Phenomena/drug effects , Kava/drug effects , Hematologic Tests , Aspartate Aminotransferases/analysis , Leukopenia
6.
Journal of Medicinal Plants. 2008; 7 (Supp. 4): 1-7
in English | IMEMR | ID: emr-88031

ABSTRACT

Herbal medicines include a range of pharmacologically active compounds: in some cases it is not well understood which ingredients are important for a therapeutic effect. The supporters of herbal medicine believe that isolated ingredients in the majority of cases have weaker clinical effects than whole plant extract, a claim that would obviously require proof in each case. Although a multitude of pharmaceutical agents are available for the treatment of mental disorders, physicians find that many patients cannot tolerate the side effects, do not respond adequately, or eventually lose their response. In comparison, many therapeutic herbs have far fewer side effects. They can provide an alternative treatment or be used to enhance the effect of prescription medications. This review will indicate the quality of the evidence supporting the clinical effects of a number of commonly used types of herbal medicines for depression and anxiety


Subject(s)
Anxiety/therapy , Herbal Medicine , Plant Extracts , Pharmaceutical Preparations/adverse effects , Mental Disorders/therapy , Hypericum , Lavandula , Crocus , Passiflora , Kava
7.
Rev. bras. farmacogn ; 17(3): 448-454, jul.-set. 2007.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-465485

ABSTRACT

Kava is an anxiolytic herbal medicine used in the treatment of sleep and anxiety disorders. Some cases of kava-induced hepatotoxicity have been reported in the literature leading to its banishment in most countries worldwide. Clinically, the spectrum ranged from transient elevations of liver enzyme levels to fulminant liver failure and death. Liver transplantation was performed in a few cases. This paper provides a review of the currently available literature on kava-related toxic hepatitis which may result from its use, discusses the possible mechanisms for the potentially severe hepatotoxicity and describes some features which must be considered when adverse liver effects seem to be associated to kava administration. In conclusion, the incidence of kava toxicity on the liver remains to be investigated; however, some concerns before or during kava use are important, due to the possibility of severe liver dysfunction.


Kava é um fitoterápico ansiolítico usado no tratamento da insônia e da ansiedade. Alguns casos de hepatotoxicidade induzida pela kava foram relatados na literatura, levando à proibição do seu uso em muitos países. Clinicamente, o espectro dessas alterações variou de elevações transitórias das enzimas hepáticas, até à falência hepática fulminante e morte. Em alguns casos, realizou-se transplante hepático. Este artigo revisa a literatura atual sobre a hepatite tóxica provavelmente relacionada à kava, discute os possíveis mecanismos responsáveis pela hepatotoxicidade potencialmente grave e descreve alguns aspectos que devem ser considerados quando eventos adversos hepáticos pareçam ser relacionados à administração dessa substância. Conclui-se que a possível toxicidade hepática pela kava ainda deve ser investigada e que algumas medidas antes e durante o seu uso são importantes, dada a possibilidade de disfunção hepática grave.


Subject(s)
Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury , Kava , Piperaceae/toxicity
9.
Philippine Journal of Anesthesiology ; : 82-89, 2003.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-632141

ABSTRACT

This article review and discuss the complimentary and alternative medicine (CAM), where it all began, practices and ideas self- defined by their users as preventing and treating illnesses or promoting health and well-being.


Subject(s)
Herb-Drug Interactions , Herbal , Echinacea , Tanacetum parthenium , Garlic , Ginkgo biloba , Panax , Kava , Valerian , Hypericum , Ephedra
12.
Folha méd ; 120(4): 221-227, out.-dez. 2001.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-304112

ABSTRACT

O presente trabalho faz uma revisäo do uso do kava (Piper methysticum) na ansiedade, abordando suas açöes farmacológicas, sua eficácia clínica, seus efeitos adversos e possíveis interaçöes medicamentosas. Os estudos clínicos indicam um potencial efeito ansiolítico, aparentemente com boa tolerabilidade, mas com uma possível interaçäo com outros depressores do SNC. Entretanto, deve-se ressaltar que há um número reduzido de estudos clínicos controlados, sendo que vários apresentam limitaçöes metodológicas, particularmente a ausência do diagnóstico de transtorno de ansiedade e o emprego de populaçöes heterogêneas.


Subject(s)
Humans , Anxiety , Kava , Treatment Outcome , Drug Interactions
13.
RBM rev. bras. med ; 56(4): 280-4, abr. 1999. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-234775

ABSTRACT

O objetivo deste estudo foi observar a eficacia e a tolerabilidade do extrato de kava-kava WS 1490(Laitan en pacientes com diagnostico de ansiedade,segundo a Escala de Hamilton modificada.Oitocentos e cinquenta pacientes foram inicialmente avaliados destes,766(90,1 por cento)fofam avaliados quanto a eficacia.Os pacientes(192 homens e 574 mulheres) apresentavam idade media de 42,8 mais ou menos13,1 anos e receberam 100mg do extrato de kava-kava WS tres vezes ao dia,por um periodo de quatro semanas.A media das somas dos escores iniciais,segundo a Escala de Ansiedade de Hamilton(HAMA),mostrou reducao de 30 no inicio para 9 ao final do tratamento(p menor 0,0001)A tolerabilidade foi considerada otima ou boa em 95,8 por cento dos casos.Este estudo mostrou que o uso isolado do extrato de kava-kava WS 1490 apresenta resultados positivos na abordagem dos estados ansiosos,reduzindo,de forma significativa,o humor ansioso,os quadros de tensao,insonias e sintomas de origem muscular(por exemplo,dor e fadiga)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Anxiety/diagnosis , Anxiety/therapy , Kava/adverse effects , Kava/pharmacology , Kava/therapeutic use
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